One metalogical property of formulas is that a thesis of a logical system can be organic. This means that none of its proper subformulas are tautologies. For instance, the thesis of classical implicational calculus CqCpp is not organic, since Cpp is a thesis. On the other hand the thesis CqCpq qualifies as an organic thesis, since the proper subformulas of CqCpq are q, Cpq, and p.
A famous axiom which qualifies as non-organic for classical propositional calculus is Jean Nicod's axiom DDpDqrDDtDttDDsqDDpsDps, which has DtDtt as a proper subforumla. Another is Lukasiewicz's simpler axiom in that it has fewer variables DDpDqrDDsDssDDsqDDpsDps which has DsDss as a proper subformula which is a tautology.
Organic And Non-Organic in Symbolic Logic
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